IPv6 Tunneling and Encapsulation
Consider the network shown below which contains four IPv6 subnets, connected by a mix of IPv6-only routers(shaded blue), IPv4-only routers (shaded red) and dual-capable IPv6/IPv4 routers (shaded blue with red interfaces to IPv4 routers). You might want to review Section 4.3.4 in the textbook before doing this problem.
Suppose that a host of subnet A wants to send an IPv6 datagram to a host on subnet D. Assume that the forwarding between these two hosts goes along the path: A --> C --> a --> b --> c --> d --> E --> D
Question List
1. Is the datagram being forwarded from A to C an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
2. What is the source address of this A to C datagram?
3. What is the destination address of this A to C datagram?
4. Is this A to C datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
5. Is the datagram being forwarded from C to a an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
6. What is the source address of this C to a datagram?
7. What is the destination address of this C to a datagram?
8. Is this C to a datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
9. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
10. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
11. Is the datagram being forwarded from a to b an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
12. What is the source address of this a to b datagram?
13. What is the destination address of this a to b datagram?
14. Is this a to b datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
15. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
16. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
17. Is the datagram being forwarded from b to c an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
18. What is the source address of this b to c datagram?
19. What is the destination address of this b to c datagram?
20. Is this b to c datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
21. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
22. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
23. Is the datagram being forwarded from c to d an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
24. What is the source address of this c to d datagram?
25. What is the destination address of this c to d datagram?
26. Is this c to d datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
27. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
28. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
29. Is the datagram being forwarded from d to E an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
30. What is the source address of this d to E datagram?
31. What is the destination address of this d to E datagram?
32. Is this d to E datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
33. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
34. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
35. Is the datagram being forwarded from E to D an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
36. What is the source address of this E to D datagram?
37. What is the destination address of this E to D datagram?
38. Is this E to D datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
39. What router is the 'tunnel entrance'? Give the router's letter
40. What router is the 'tunnel exit'? Give the router's letter
41. Which protocol encapsulates the other, IPv4 or IPv6?
Solution
1. The datagram is an IPv6 datagram.
2. The source IP address is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
3. The destination IP address is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
4. No, the datagram is NOT encapsulated.
5. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
6. The source IP address is 54.27.112.142
7. The destination IP address is 159.179.129.153
8. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
9. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
10. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
11. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
12. The source IP address is 54.27.112.142
13. The destination IP address is 159.179.129.153
14. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
15. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
16. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
17. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
18. The source IP address is 54.27.112.142
19. The destination IP address is 159.179.129.153
20. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
21. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
22. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
23. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
24. The source IP address is 54.27.112.142
25. The destination IP address is 159.179.129.153
26. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
27. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
28. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
29. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
30. The source IP address is 54.27.112.142
31. The destination IP address is 159.179.129.153
32. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
33. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
34. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
35. The datagram is an IPv6 datagram.
36. The source IP address is DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
37. The destination IP address is 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
38. No, the datagram is NOT encapsulated.
39. The tunnel entrance is router C
40. The tunnel exit is router E
41. IPv4, in order to maintain compatibility with existing IPv4 infrastructure, IPv6 datagrams are put in the payload of an IPv4 datagram. These IPv4 datagrams are passed on until it reaches a router which supports IPv6, where the IPv6 datagram is decapsulated and passed on.
That's incorrect
That's correct
The answer was: IPv6
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: No
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 54.27.112.142
The answer was: 159.179.129.153
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 54.27.112.142
The answer was: 159.179.129.153
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 54.27.112.142
The answer was: 159.179.129.153
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 54.27.112.142
The answer was: 159.179.129.153
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 54.27.112.142
The answer was: 159.179.129.153
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: IPv6
The answer was: DF4E:DC96:F463:752F:CDDE:B9C7:597B:88E6
The answer was: 77B9:27B2:5ACB:4FD9:2C23:2AEA:25F1:284E
The answer was: No
The answer was: C
The answer was: E
The answer was: IPv4