IPv6 Tunneling and Encapsulation
Consider the network shown below which contains four IPv6 subnets, connected by a mix of IPv6-only routers(shaded blue), IPv4-only routers (shaded red) and dual-capable IPv6/IPv4 routers (shaded blue with red interfaces to IPv4 routers). You might want to review Section 4.3.4 in the textbook before doing this problem.
Suppose that a host of subnet A wants to send an IPv6 datagram to a host on subnet D. Assume that the forwarding between these two hosts goes along the path: A --> C --> a --> b --> c --> d --> E --> D
Question List
1. Is the datagram being forwarded from A to C an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
2. What is the source address of this A to C datagram?
3. What is the destination address of this A to C datagram?
4. Is this A to C datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
5. Is the datagram being forwarded from C to a an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
6. What is the source address of this C to a datagram?
7. What is the destination address of this C to a datagram?
8. Is this C to a datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
9. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
10. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
11. Is the datagram being forwarded from a to b an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
12. What is the source address of this a to b datagram?
13. What is the destination address of this a to b datagram?
14. Is this a to b datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
15. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
16. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
17. Is the datagram being forwarded from b to c an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
18. What is the source address of this b to c datagram?
19. What is the destination address of this b to c datagram?
20. Is this b to c datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
21. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
22. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
23. Is the datagram being forwarded from c to d an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
24. What is the source address of this c to d datagram?
25. What is the destination address of this c to d datagram?
26. Is this c to d datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
27. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
28. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
29. Is the datagram being forwarded from d to E an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
30. What is the source address of this d to E datagram?
31. What is the destination address of this d to E datagram?
32. Is this d to E datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
33. What is the source address of this encapsulated datagram?
34. What is the destination address of this encapsulated datagram?
35. Is the datagram being forwarded from E to D an IPv4 or IPv6 datagram?
36. What is the source address of this E to D datagram?
37. What is the destination address of this E to D datagram?
38. Is this E to D datagram encapsulating another datagram? Yes or No.
39. What router is the 'tunnel entrance'? Give the router's letter
40. What router is the 'tunnel exit'? Give the router's letter
41. Which protocol encapsulates the other, IPv4 or IPv6?
Solution
1. The datagram is an IPv6 datagram.
2. The source IP address is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
3. The destination IP address is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
4. No, the datagram is NOT encapsulated.
5. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
6. The source IP address is 85.124.150.226
7. The destination IP address is 181.249.214.125
8. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
9. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
10. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
11. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
12. The source IP address is 85.124.150.226
13. The destination IP address is 181.249.214.125
14. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
15. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
16. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
17. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
18. The source IP address is 85.124.150.226
19. The destination IP address is 181.249.214.125
20. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
21. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
22. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
23. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
24. The source IP address is 85.124.150.226
25. The destination IP address is 181.249.214.125
26. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
27. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
28. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
29. The datagram is an IPv4 datagram.
30. The source IP address is 85.124.150.226
31. The destination IP address is 181.249.214.125
32. Yes, the datagram is encapsulated.
33. The source address of this encapsulated datagram is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
34. The destination address of this encapsulated datagram is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
35. The datagram is an IPv6 datagram.
36. The source IP address is D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
37. The destination IP address is 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
38. No, the datagram is NOT encapsulated.
39. The tunnel entrance is router C
40. The tunnel exit is router E
41. IPv4, in order to maintain compatibility with existing IPv4 infrastructure, IPv6 datagrams are put in the payload of an IPv4 datagram. These IPv4 datagrams are passed on until it reaches a router which supports IPv6, where the IPv6 datagram is decapsulated and passed on.
That's incorrect
That's correct
The answer was: IPv6
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: No
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 85.124.150.226
The answer was: 181.249.214.125
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 85.124.150.226
The answer was: 181.249.214.125
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 85.124.150.226
The answer was: 181.249.214.125
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 85.124.150.226
The answer was: 181.249.214.125
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: IPv4
The answer was: 85.124.150.226
The answer was: 181.249.214.125
The answer was: Yes
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: IPv6
The answer was: D3A5:542F:7752:6B34:4E42:CA48:E3C5:E7F9
The answer was: 1B3D:CC71:E515:282D:1DD6:2ED4:E44D:B79B
The answer was: No
The answer was: C
The answer was: E
The answer was: IPv4